12 Forestry Fasalen · UP 2025-26
Forestry Crops — Poori Jaankari
Ropai se lekar katai tak — variety, NPK, upaj, mandi bhav sab ICAR verified data
Data Source: ICAR-ICFRE Dehradun, SFRI Jabalpur, UP Van Vibhag, NBM (National Bamboo Mission) · 2025-26
Fast Growing ★
₹500–900/qtl
🌳 Eucalyptus / Safeda
Eucalyptus tereticornis / E. hybrid · Safeda · Lyptus
Kisme (UP)
Ropai SamayJune–July (barish ke saath best) ya Feb–Mar · Polybag nursery se 3–4 mahine ka paudha lagaein · Bade pit 30×30×30 cm
DooriTimber: 3×3 m ya 4×4 m · Pulpwood: 2×2 m · Medon par: 1×1 m · 625–2500 paudhe/ha
NPKN:100–150 · P:60 · K:60 g/paudha/saal (pahle 2 saal) · Urea + SSP + MOP · FYM 5 kg/pit basal · 2nd saal se half karein
SinchaiPahle 1–2 saal zaroori · 15–20 din interval garmi mein · Established tree drought tolerant · Drip efficient rehta hai
RotationPulpwood: 5–7 saal · Timber: 8–12 saal · Coppice (thuntha): 3–4 cuttings same stump se
KataiSardi mein kato · Girth 20–25 cm+ par kato · Coppice kaatne ke baad nayi shakhein phoot aati hain
UpajFRI-4: 25–40 ton/ha/saal (7 saal rotation) · K-1 hybrid: 35–50 ton/ha · Plywood mills UP mein close hain
MittiSandy loam to loam · pH 5.5–8.5 tak sahan · Waterlogged jagah nahi · Usar zameen bhi chal jaati hai
BaazaarPlywood mills (Yamuna Nagar, Saharanpur), Paper mills (Ghaziabad), Pit props coal mines · Local halwai stall bhi khareedti hai
₹500–900/quintal standing tree · Sawn timber ₹1200–2000/qtl · Essential oil ₹800–1200/litre (extra income)
↑ ICAR-ICFRE: FRI-4 clone — UP conditions ke liye sabse recommended, 5–7 saal mein cutting ready, coppice se 3–4 baar katai. Yamuna Nagar (Haryana) ke plywood mills ki maang zyada hai.
Terai Special ★
₹600–1100/qtl
🌲 Poplar / Safeda Pahadi
Populus deltoides · Hybrid Poplar · Populus × euramericana
Kisme (UP)
Ropai SamayJan–Feb (paat season best) · Certified cuttings 25 cm se lagaein · Pit 60×60×60 cm · Ped 5–6 cm diameter ke certified clone hi lagaein
DooriTimber: 5×5 m ya 6×4 m · Agroforestry (gehu saath): 10×10 m · 278–400 paudhe/ha
NPKN:200–300 · P:100 · K:100 g/paudha/saal · Split 2 doses: Maarch + August · FYM 10 kg/pit · Zinc 5 g/paudha bhi zaroori
SinchaiHigh water requirement · Terai + nadi kinare best · 10 din interval garmi mein · Flood irrigation chal jaata hai · Drip waste hai is crop mein
Rotation7–10 saal (plywood grade) · 5–6 saal (pulpwood) · Coppice nahi hota, ped kaat do
KataiJan–Feb mein kato (tree dormant hota hai) · Chainsaw ya axe · Mill par direct deliver karo · Green weight par bikta hai
UpajG-48: 200–300 cubic ft/ha 8 saal mein · Commercial: 25–35 ton/ha/saal biomass · Terai UP (Bahraich, Lakhimpur, Pilibhit) best zone
MittiDeep alluvial, loam · pH 6.0–8.0 · High water table areas best · Terai belt ka sabse best timber crop
BaazaarPlywood mills (Yamuna Nagar), Match factories (Bareilly, Moradabad), ITC Paper mills · WIMCO direct khareedti hai
₹600–1100/quintal green weight · Plywood grade ₹900–1500/qtl · 8 saal baad ek ped ₹5000–12000 worth ka
↑ ICAR-ICFRE: G-48 clone — UP Terai ke liye sabse recommended, tezi se barhta hai, plywood mills khareedti hain. Pilibhit + Lakhimpur belt mein gehu ke saath agroforestry se double income milti hai.
Premium Timber ★
₹2000–5000/CFT
🪵 Sagwan / Teak
Tectona grandis · Teak · Indian Teak · Sagon
Kisme (UP)
Ropai SamayJune–July (pahli barish ke baad) · TC plant (1–2 saal nursery) lagaein · 45×45×45 cm pit · Pahle saal paani zaroori
DooriTimber: 4×4 m ya 3×3 m · Commercial: 2×2 m (baad mein thin karein) · 625–2500 paudhe/ha
NPKN:75–100 · P:40 · K:40 g/paudha/saal (pahle 3 saal) · FYM 10–15 kg/pit basal · Urea Feb + Aug mein dein · Established tree needs less
SinchaiPahle 2 saal: 10–15 din interval garmi mein · Established: sirf garmi mein 1–2 baar · Drip pahle 2 saal ke liye bahut helpful
PruningHar saal zaroori pahle 5 saal mein · Side branches hatao straight trunk ke liye · Straight trunk = premium price · Oct–Nov best time
Rotation20–25 saal (premium timber) · 15 saal (medium) · Commercial: 12–15 saal TC plant · Ped ki kimat saal-dar-saal badhti hai
UpajTC Clone: 8–12 CFT/paudha (20 saal) · 200 paudhe/ha × ₹3000/CFT × 10 CFT = ₹60 lakh/ha 20 saal mein
MittiDeep loam, laterite · pH 6.0–8.0 · Good drainage · UP ke Bundelkhand + Vindhya region best · Waterlogged nahi
BaazaarFurniture markets (Lucknow, Varanasi, Delhi NCR), Saw mills, Timber depots · Green auction + grey market dono mein demand
₹2000–5000/CFT mature timber · 20 saal ka ped: 8–12 CFT = ₹20,000–60,000/ped · UP ka sabse precious timber crop
↑ ICAR-SFRI: TC Teak — seedling se 30% zyada grow karta hai, straight grain, premium market price. UP mein Bundelkhand + Banda belt mein Sagwan ki kheti bahut safal rahi hai. Apni zameen par lagana bhi legal hai kisi permission ke bina.
Green Gold ★
₹30–120/culm
🎋 Baans / Bamboo
Bambusa bambos / Dendrocalamus strictus / D. asper · Green Gold
Kisme (UP)
Ropai SamayJune–July (barish shuru hote hi) · Offset (rizome), culm cuttings ya tissue culture plants · Pit 60×60×60 cm · FYM 10 kg/pit
DooriBambusa: 5×5 m ya 4×4 m · Dendrocalamus: 6×6 m · Medon par: 4 m ka fark · 278–625 paudhe/ha
NPKN:40–60 · P:20 · K:20 kg/ha/saal · FYM 10 ton/ha baseline · Pahle 2 saal zyada · Split: June + September
SinchaiPahle 2 saal niyamit sinchai · 15 din interval garmi mein · Established clump drought tolerant · Drip pahle saal ke liye helpful
Pehli KataiRopai ke 3–4 saal baad · Har saal katai shuru ho jaati hai · Sirf 3 saal+ ke culms kato · Nayi shakhein chhoddo
Katai SamayOct–Feb (dry season best) · Sard mein kato — termite kam lagta hai · Roj subah kato, dhoop mein sukho
UpajD. strictus: 3–5 ton/ha/saal · B. bambos: 5–8 ton/ha · One clump: 15–30 culms/saal mature mein · 25+ saal ka crop
MittiSandy loam, clay loam · pH 5.5–8.0 · Drainage achhi honi chahiye · Usar + rocky soils bhi chal jaati hain
BaazaarAgarbatti (Kannauj belt), Paper mills (Ghaziabad), Furniture manufacturers, Construction (scaffolding), Handicraft (Moradabad)
₹30–120/culm market rate · Paper mill: ₹3000–6000/ton · Bamboo furniture: ₹500–2000/piece · NBM subsidy ₹1.5 lakh/ha milti hai
↑ NBM (National Bamboo Mission): Bamboo ko "Green Gold" kaha jaata hai. UP mein D. strictus sab se popular — construction + agarbatti dono mein use. Ek baar lagao, 25–30 saal regular income lo bina dobara ropai ke.
Furniture King ★
₹1500–3500/CFT
🌿 Shisham / Rosewood
Dalbergia sissoo · Indian Rosewood · Sheesham · Tali
Kisme (UP)
Ropai SamayJune–Aug (barish ke saath) · Polybag seedlings (6 mahine) lagaein · 45×45×45 cm pit · Direct seeding bhi ho sakti hai mend par
DooriTimber: 4×4 m · Agroforestry: 10 m × 5 m · Medh par: 5–6 m ka fark · 250–625 paudhe/ha
NPKN:80–100 · P:40 · K:40 g/paudha/saal pahle 3 saal · FYM 10 kg/pit · Nitrogen-fixing tree hai, khud bhi N banata hai · 3 saal baad kam fertilizer chahiye
SinchaiPahle 2 saal: 15–20 din interval garmi mein · Mend ke saath naturally nali ka paani milta hai · Established: pura drought tolerant
Rotation15–20 saal furniture grade timber · 10 saal (pulpwood + small timber) · Coppice thodi der baad phoot aata hai
UpajDoon Shisham: 6–10 CFT/paudha 20 saal mein · 200 paudhe × ₹2000/CFT × 8 CFT = ₹32 lakh/ha
MittiDeep alluvial, loam · pH 7.0–8.5 · UP plains ke liye bilkul perfect · Sarayu, Ganga belt ideal · Waterlogged avoid
BaazaarFurniture markets (Saharanpur, Lucknow, Agra), Saw mills, Cabinet makers · UP ka sabse bada furniture hub Saharanpur — Shisham ki demand sabse zyada
₹1500–3500/CFT mature timber · UP ka favourite furniture wood · Market demand round the year · Saharanpur mandi best rates
↑ ICAR-FRI Dehradun: Shisham wilt disease se bachne ke liye Shivalik ya Mandakini variety lagaein — wilt resistant clones hain. Saharanpur (UP) — duniya ka sabse bada Shisham furniture hub — raw timber ki demand kabhi khatam nahi hoti.
Multi-Purpose ★
₹30–80/kg beej
🌱 Neem / Neemb
Azadirachta indica · Neem · Margosa Tree · Divine Tree
Kisme (UP)
Ropai SamayJuly–Aug ya Mar–Apr · 1 saal ki nursery se · Pit 45×45×45 cm · Direct sowing bhi chal jaati hai · Bakaain: tezi se barhta hai
DooriTimber: 5×5 m · Medh par: 5–6 m · Sadak kinarein: 4–5 m · 400–625 paudhe/ha
NPKN:50 · P:25 · K:25 g/paudha/saal pahle 3 saal · FYM 5 kg/pit · Hardy tree — zyada khaad nahi maangta · Self-sustaining hota hai
SinchaiPahle saal: 15 din interval · Phir naturally manage karta hai · Drought tolerant · UP ke camkat mein bhi survive karta hai
Beej Avdhi3–5 saal mein beej aana shuru · Full production: 7–10 saal · Beej June–Aug mein aate hain · Ped 150–200 saal jeeta hai
UpajBeej: 30–50 kg/paudha/saal (mature) · Timber: 10–15 CFT (20 saal) · Neem oil: 30–40% yield from seed
MittiAlmost any soil · pH 6.0–9.0 · Usar, alkaline, dry — sab chal jaata hai · UP ke Bundelkhand + Vindhya mein bhi aasan
KamaiBeej: ₹30–80/kg · Neem oil: ₹400–600/litre · Neem cake: ₹8–15/kg · Timber: ₹800–1500/CFT · Patta + chhaal bhi bikta hai
₹30–80/kg beej · Neem oil ₹400–600/litre · Timber ₹800–1500/CFT · Neem cake ₹8–15/kg fertilizer grade
↑ IARI: VP-1 high azadirachtin variety — neem oil mein active ingredient zyada hota hai, pharmaceutical + pesticide companies premium price deti hain. UP mein medh par neem lagana bahut common + profitable hai.
Medicinal + Timber
₹150–400/kg chhaal
🌳 Arjun / Sadada
Terminalia arjuna · Arjun Tree · White Murdah · Sadado
Kisme
Ropai SamayJuly–Aug (barish ke saath) · 1 saal ki nursery se · Nadi kinare ya wet areas mein bhi lagta hai · Pit 45×45×45 cm
Doori5×5 m ya 6×6 m · Medh par: 4–5 m · Nadi kinare bhi lagaein · 280–400 paudhe/ha
NPKN:40 · P:20 · K:20 g/paudha/saal pahle 3 saal · FYM 5 kg/pit · Low maintenance tree · Natural N-fixer nahi hai lekin hardy hai
Chhaal Katai3–4 saal baad chhaal utaaro · Har 2–3 saal mein dobara chhaal aati hai · 1 ped se 15–20 kg chhaal ek baar mein · Ped nahi maarta
TimberRotation: 20–25 saal · Timber ₹1000–2000/CFT · Hard wood — agricultural implements, boat building, sports goods
Upaj (Chhaal)15–20 kg/paudha har 2–3 saal · 200 paudhe/ha × 15 kg × ₹200/kg = ₹6 lakh/ha har 3 saal
MittiAlluvial, nadi kinare best · pH 6.0–8.0 · Loam, clay loam · Flood-tolerant species · UP ki rivers ke kinare sabse achha lagta hai
BaazaarDawai companies (Dabur, Hamdard, Patanjali), Ayurvedic mandis · Lucknow + Kanpur mein kaafi demand · Online bhi bikta hai
₹150–400/kg chhaal (bark) · Timber ₹1000–2000/CFT · Patta powder ₹80–150/kg · Ayurvedic demand bahut zyada
↑ ICAR-CIMAP Lucknow: Arjun bark mein Arjunolic acid + Tannins — heart medicine companies highest price deti hain. Medh par lagane se khet ki mitti bhi bachhti hai, flood protection bhi milti hai. Double benefit crop.
Van Dhan ★
₹60–120/kg phool
🌺 Mahua / Mohwa
Madhuca longifolia · Mahua · Butter Tree · Indian Butter Tree
Kisme
Ropai SamayJuly–Sep (barish mein) · 1–2 saal ki nursery · Tap root kaafi gehri jaati hai · Pit 60×60×60 cm · Kisi bhi rocky soil mein lagta hai
Doori8×8 m ya 10×10 m · Bada phailta hai · 100–156 paudhe/ha · Medh par bhi lagaein
NPKN:50 · P:25 · K:25 g/paudha/saal pahle 3 saal · FYM 10 kg/pit · Established tree zyada khaad nahi maangta · Nitrogen fixing nahi hai lekin bahut hardy
Phool Avdhi5–7 saal mein phool aana shuru · Full production: 10–15 saal · Phool: Mar–Apr · Beej: June–July · Ped 100+ saal jeeta hai
KataiPhool raat ko girte hain, subah jaldi utha lo · Sukha ke store karo · Beej November–December mein aate hain · Chhaal bhi bikti hai
UpajMature ped: 50–200 kg phool/saal · Beej: 40–80 kg/saal · Oil content: 35–40% · 100 paudhe/ha × 100 kg × ₹80 = ₹8 lakh/ha
MittiAlmost any soil · pH 5.5–8.5 · Bundelkhand + Mirzapur + Sonbhadra belt best · Rocky + dry areas mein bhi perfectly chal jaata hai
KamaiPhool: food + distillery · Beej: Mahua oil ₹120–200/litre (cooking, soap, biodiesel) · Chhaal: tanning, medicine · Timber: ₹800–1200/CFT
₹60–120/kg phool (dry) · Mahua oil ₹120–200/litre · Timber ₹800–1200/CFT · UP Bundelkhand ka Van Dhan crop
↑ ICAR-TFRI Jabalpur: Mahua — UP Bundelkhand ke adivasi aur kisan ke liye sabse important multi-purpose tree. Phool se le kar beej, chhaal, lakdi — kuch bhi waste nahi. TRIFED Van Dhan scheme mein bhi listed hai.
Quick Pulpwood ★
₹400–800/quintal
🌳 Kadam / Kadamba
Neolamarckia cadamba · Kadam · Cadamba · Burflower Tree
Kisme
Ropai SamayJune–Aug (barish mein best) · Polybag nursery · Seedling 3–4 mahine ki · Pit 30×30×30 cm · Fast grower hai
DooriPulpwood: 2×2 m ya 3×3 m · Timber: 4×4 m · Agroforestry: 5×5 m · 625–2500 paudhe/ha
NPKN:80–100 · P:40 · K:40 g/paudha/saal pahle 2 saal · FYM 5 kg/pit · Fast growing tree hai — zyada nitrogen chahiye pahle · Baad mein khud manage karta hai
SinchaiPahle 1 saal zaroori · Nadi kinare ya waterlogged areas bhi chal jaate hain · Rain-fed crop bhi ho sakta hai Terai mein
RotationPulpwood: 5–6 saal · Timber: 10–12 saal · Coppice nicely hota hai · Ek stump se 2–3 baar kaat sakte hain
UpajFRI K-1: 20–30 ton/ha/saal (5 saal rotation) · Timber: 8–12 CFT/paudha 10 saal mein
MittiLoam, clay loam, alluvial · pH 6.0–7.5 · Waterlogged bhi sahan kar leta hai · Nadi kinare, talab ke paas best · UP Terai + Awadh belt
BaazaarPaper mills (Ghaziabad, Lucknow), Matches (Bareilly), Agri implements · Musical instruments bhi bante hain Kadam se
₹400–800/quintal pulpwood grade · Timber ₹700–1200/CFT · Coppice crop — ek baar lagao, baar baar kato
↑ ICAR-ICFRE: Kadam UP ka fastest growing timber tree hai under good management. Paper mills ki demand constant rehti hai. 5–6 saal mein pehli badi katai + coppice se dobara katai = double income without replanting.
Miracle Tree ★
₹300–600/quintal
🌱 Subabul / Leucaena
Leucaena leucocephala · Subabul · Ipil-Ipil · Miracle Tree
Kisme (UP)
Buvai SamayMarch–April ya July mein seedlings · Direct seeding (scarified seeds) bhi chal jaata hai · 30×30×30 cm pit
DooriTimber: 3×1 m · Fodder: 25×25 cm · Agroforestry medh: 1–2 m row spacing · 3300–16000 paudhe/ha (use case ke hisaab se)
NPKP:40–60 · K:30 kg/ha (Nitrogen nahi — khud banata hai!) · FYM 5 ton/ha · Rhizobium inoculation zaroori pahle ropai mein · Phosphorus most important
SinchaiPahle saal: 10–15 din interval · Established: drought tolerant · 400 mm rainfall mein bhi survive karta hai · Sehr hardy
KataiPehli katai: 18–24 mahine mein · Phir har 6–12 mahine coppice · Ek stump 15–20 saal tak kaata ja sakta hai
UpajFodder: 40–80 ton/ha/saal (green) · Pulpwood: 15–25 ton/ha/saal · Nitrogen fixation: 100–300 kg N/ha/saal — mitti sudhaarta hai
MittiDar loam, sandy loam, laterite · pH 6.0–8.5 · Alkaline + usar bhi chal jaata hai · Frost sensitive — UP mein Jan–Feb mein dhyan rakho
BaazaarPaper mills (pulpwood), Dairy farmers (green fodder 20–25% protein), Firewood (calorific value high), Charcoal · Zero waste crop
₹300–600/quintal pulpwood · Green fodder ₹1–3/kg · Firewood ₹5–8/kg · Mitti bhi sudharta hai — N fixation bonus
↑ ICRISAT Hyderabad: K-8 variety — UP conditions ke liye best. Subabul sirf timber nahi deta — mitti mein nitrogen bhi chhod jaata hai. Agle gehu ki fasal ka kharch bachata hai. Zero waste, zero pesticide, minimum water = ideal marginal land crop.
Sports Wood ★
₹800–2000/CFT
🪵 Gamhar / Gamar
Gmelina arborea · Gamhar · Beechwood India · White Teak
Kisme (UP)
Ropai SamayJune–Aug (barish mein) · 3–4 mahine ki polybag seedling · Pit 45×45×45 cm · Seedling root disturb mat karo
DooriTimber: 3×3 m ya 4×4 m · Pulpwood: 2×2 m · Agroforestry: 10×5 m · 625–2500 paudhe/ha
NPKN:100 · P:50 · K:50 g/paudha/saal pahle 3 saal · FYM 10 kg/pit basal · Urea Feb + Aug mein dein · Fast growing — zyada N chahiye
SinchaiPahle 1–2 saal: 15 din interval garmi mein · Established: mostly rain-fed · Terai + alluvial plains mein bahut acchha lagta hai
RotationPulpwood: 6–8 saal · Good timber: 10–15 saal · Premium (sports goods): 15–20 saal · Coppice bhi hota hai
UpajFRI Select: 15–25 ton/ha/saal green biomass · Timber: 8–14 CFT/paudha (15 saal) · Very fast growing compared to Sagwan
MittiDeep loam, alluvial · pH 6.0–7.5 · Good drainage zaroori · UP plains mein bahut acchhi growth · Frost zyada nahi sehta
BaazaarSports goods (cricket bat frames, hockey sticks) Meerut, Musical instruments, Furniture (light weight), Plywood, Agri implements
₹800–2000/CFT timber grade · Sports goods grade ₹2000+ · Pulpwood ₹400–700/qtl · Meerut sports industry ki khas demand
↑ ICAR-ICFRE: Gamhar — "Poor Man's Teak" bhi kaha jaata hai. Growth rate Sagwan se 2–3 guna zyada. Meerut (UP) ki sports goods industry Gamhar timber ka sabse bada buyer hai. 12–15 saal mein Teak jaisi kamai.
Tool Wood ★
₹600–1400/CFT
🌲 Haldu / Kadamba
Adina cordifolia · Haldu · Yellow Teak · Saffron Teak
Kisme
Ropai SamayJuly–Sep (barish mein) · 3–4 mahine ki seedling · Nadi kinare + terai belt mein naturally ugta hai · Pit 45×45×45 cm
Doori5×5 m ya 4×4 m · Terai agroforestry: 8×4 m · Large canopy — zyada distance chahiye · 250–625 paudhe/ha
NPKN:60–80 · P:30 · K:30 g/paudha/saal pahle 3 saal · FYM 8 kg/pit · Hardy tree — over-fertilization avoid karo · Natural growth best hai
SinchaiPahle 1–2 saal: 15–20 din interval · Nadi kinare lagane par naturally nami milti hai · Established: mostly rain-fed
Rotation15–20 saal good timber ke liye · Tools + agri implements grade mein less time lagta hai · Slow steady growth
UpajDesi: 6–10 CFT/paudha 20 saal mein · 200 paudhe/ha × 8 CFT × ₹1000/CFT = ₹16 lakh/ha 20 saal mein
MittiAlluvial, loam · pH 6.5–8.0 · Nadi kinare best · UP Terai + Ganga-Yamuna doab mein natural paya jaata hai
BaazaarAgricultural implements (plows, handles), Furniture (sturdy), Sports goods, Printing blocks (UP handicraft) · Local mandi mein acchi demand
₹600–1400/CFT timber grade · Agri implements market mein zyada demand · Terai UP ka traditional timber crop
↑ ICAR-ICFRE: Haldu — UP Terai ka indigenous timber species. Krishi yantra aur agri implements ke handles ke liye sabse zyada use. Natural UP nadi kinare mein ugta hai. Low input, long rotation, steady high-value timber = patient kisan ke liye best.